Uganda




                                 Geography


Location:
     Eastern Africa, between Kenya and Zaire
Map references:
     Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
     236,040 sq km
land area:
     199,710 sq km
comparative area:
     slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
     total 2,698 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania
     396 km, Zaire 765 km
Coastline:
     0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
     none; landlocked
International disputes:
     none
Climate:
     tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February,
     June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain:
     mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Natural resources:
     copper, cobalt, limestone, salt
Land use:
arable land:
     23%
permanent crops:
     9%
meadows and pastures:
     25%
forest and woodland:
     30%
other:
     13%
Irrigated land:
     90 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
     draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing;
     soil erosion
natural hazards:
     NA
international agreements:
     party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of
     the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
     Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental
     Modification




Note:
     landlocked


                                  People


Population:
     19,121,934 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
     2.42% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
     48.8 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
     23.68 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
     -0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
     112.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
     37.46 years
male:
     37.15 years
female:
     37.79 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
     6.77 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
     Ugandan(s)
adjective:
     Ugandan
Ethnic divisions:
     Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%,
     Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, European,
     Asian, Arab 1%, other 23%
Religions:
     Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%
Languages:
     English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic
     languages
Literacy:
     age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
     48%
male:
     62%
female:
     35%
Labor force:
     4.5 million (est.)
by occupation:
     agriculture over 80%
note:
     50% of population of working age (1983)




                                Government


Names:
conventional long form:
     Republic of Uganda
conventional short form:
Digraph:
     UG
Type:
     republic
Capital:
     Kampala
Administrative divisions:
     39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga,
     Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa,
     Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero,
     Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono,
     Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sototi, Tororo
Independence:
     9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday:
     Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution:
     8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision
Legal system:
     government plans to restore system based on English common law and
     customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts
     compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
     18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
     President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986);
     Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since NA January 1991)
head of government:
     Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA January 1991)
cabinet:
     Cabinet; appointed by the president
Legislative branch:
     unicameral
National Resistance Council:
     elections last held 11-28 February 1989 (next to be held by January
     1995); results - NRM was the only party; seats - (278 total, 210
     indirectly elected) 210 members elected without party affiliation
Judicial branch:
     Court of Appeal, High Court
Political parties and leaders:
     only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI
note:
     Ugandan People's Congress (UPC), Milton OBOTE; Democratic Party (DP),
     Paul SSEMOGEERE; and Conservative Party (CP), Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI
     continue to exist but are all proscribed from conducting public
     political activities




Other political or pressure groups:
     Uganda People's Front (UPF); Lord's Resistance Army (LRA); Ruwenzori
     Movement
Member of:
     ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
     ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,
     IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,
     UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
     Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI
chancery:
     5909 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone:
     (202) 726-7100 through 7102 and 726-0416
FAX:
     (202) 726-1727
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
     Ambassador Johnnie CARSON
embassy:
     Parliament Avenue, Kampala
mailing address:
     P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone:
     [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795
Flag:
     six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow,
     and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a
     red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side


                                  Economy


Overview:
     Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils,
     regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt.
     The economy has been devastated by widespread political instability,
     mismanagement, and civil war since independence in 1962. (GDP remains
     below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.)
     Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing
     over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and
     accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government
     has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking
     currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing
     prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The
     policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was
     running at over 300% in 1987, and boosting production and export
     earnings. In 1990-93, the economy has turned in a solid performance
     based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure,
     improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually
     improving domestic security.
National product:
     GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $24.1 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
     6% (1993 est.)




National product per capita:
     $1,200 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
     41.5% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
     NA%
Budget:
revenues:
     $365 million
expenditures:
     $545 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1989
     est.)
Exports:
     $150 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
commodities:
     coffee 97%, cotton, tea
partners:
     US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%
Imports:
     $513 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
commodities:
     petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals,
     transportation equipment, food
partners:
     Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%
External debt:
     $1.9 billion (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
     growth rate 8% (1992 est.); accounts for 5% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
     200,000 kW
production:
     610 million kWh
consumption per capita:
     30 kWh (1991)
Industries:
     sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Agriculture:
     mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor
     force; cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops -
     cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef,
     goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
recipient:
     US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western
     (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4
     billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist
     countries (1970-89), $169 million
Currency:
     1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
     Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,165.0 (November 1993), 1.133.8
     (1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989)




Fiscal year:
     1 July - 30 June


                              Communications


Railroads:
     1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track
Highways:
total:
     26,200 km
paved:
     1,970 km
unpaved:
     gravel, crushed stone 5,849 km; earth, tracks 18,381 km
Inland waterways:
     Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward;
     Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja
     and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria
Merchant marine:
     3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091
     GRT/NA DWT
Airports:
total:
     31
usable:
     23
with permanent-surface runways:
     5
with runways over 3,659 m:
     1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
     3
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
     11
Telecommunications:
     fair system with microwave and radio communications stations;
     broadcast stations - 10 AM, no FM, 9 TV; satellite communications
     ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT


                              Defense Forces


Branches:
     National Resistance Army (NRA); includes Air Force and Navy, Local
     Defense Units (LDU)
Manpower availability:
     males age 15-49 4,138,087; fit for military service 2,248,232
Defense expenditures:
     exchange rate conversion - $NA, 15% of budget (FY89/90)